Ikoreshwa ryagutse ni tekinoroji isubira inyuma?
Mu cyumweru gishize, Huawei Yu Chengdong mu kiganiro yagize ati "ni ubuswa kuvuga ko imodoka yagutse idateye imbere bihagije. Uburyo bwagutse ni bwo buryo bushya bw’imodoka nshya zikoreshwa muri iki gihe."
Aya magambo yongeye gukurura ibiganiro bishyushye hagati yinganda n’abaguzi ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ryongerewe imbaraga (nyuma rikitwa inzira yongerewe).Kandi abayobozi benshi b'imodoka, nk'umuyobozi mukuru mwiza Li Xiang, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Weima, Shen Hui, ndetse n'umuyobozi mukuru wa WeiPai, Li Ruifeng, bagaragaje ibitekerezo byabo.
Li Ruifeng, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikarita ya Wei, yaganiriye na Yu Chengdong kuri Weibo mu buryo butaziguye, agira ati: "Biracyakenewe ko umuntu akora ibyuma, kandi ni ubwumvikane bw’inganda ko ikoranabuhanga rivanze ryo kongera gahunda risubira inyuma."Byongeye kandi, umuyobozi mukuru wa Wei brand yahise agura M5 yo kwipimisha, yongeraho undi munuko wimbunda yimbunda mukiganiro.
Mubyukuri, mbere yibi biganiro byerekeranye "niba kwiyongera gusubira inyuma", abayobozi beza na Volkswagen nabo bagize "ikiganiro gishyushye" kuri iki kibazo.Feng Sihan, umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen China, yavuze yeruye ko "gahunda yo kongera ariwo muti mubi."
Urebye ku isoko ryimodoka yo mu gihugu mumyaka yashize, urashobora gusanga muri rusange imodoka nshya zihitamo uburyo bubiri bwingufu zingana cyangwa amashanyarazi meza, kandi ntibikunze kwishora mumashanyarazi.Ibinyuranye nibyo, amasosiyete yimodoka gakondo, kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byabo bishya byingufu ni amashanyarazi meza cyangwa imashini icomeka, kandi "ntibita" kumurongo mugari.
Nyamara, hamwe n’imodoka nyinshi kandi nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwagutse ku isoko, no kugaragara kwimodoka zizwi nka nziza nziza na Enjie M5, intera yagutse igenda imenyekana buhoro buhoro n’abaguzi kandi ihinduka uburyo rusange bw’imvange ku isoko. Uyu munsi.
Izamuka ryihuse ry’urwego rwagutse ntirishobora kugira ingaruka ku igurishwa rya lisansi na Hybride y’amasosiyete gakondo y’imodoka, akaba intandaro y’amakimbirane hagati y’amasosiyete gakondo y’imodoka yavuzwe haruguru n’imodoka nshya zubatswe.
None, tekinoroji yagutse irasubira inyuma?Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gucomeka?Kuki imodoka nshya zihitamo intera ndende?Hamwe nibi bibazo, Che Dongxi yabonye ibisubizo nyuma yo kwiga byimbitse inzira ebyiri tekinike.
1 range Urwego rwagutse na plug-in kuvanga ni umuzi umwe, kandi imiterere yagutse iroroshye
Mbere yo kuganira ku ntera yagutse no gucomeka muri Hybrid, reka tubanze tumenye ubwo buryo bubiri bwimbaraga.
Dukurikije inyandiko isanzwe yigihugu "terminologiya yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi" (gb / t 19596-2017), ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigabanyijemo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (nyuma byitwa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera) hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bivangavanze (bivuze ko ari ibinyabiziga bivangavanze) ).
Imodoka ya Hybrid irashobora kugabanywamo ibice, ibangikanye na Hybrid ukurikije imiterere yimbaraga.Muri byo, ubwoko bw'uruhererekane bivuze ko imbaraga zo gutwara ibinyabiziga ziva kuri moteri gusa;Ubwoko bubangikanye bivuze ko imbaraga zo gutwara ibinyabiziga zitangwa na moteri na moteri icyarimwe cyangwa bitandukanye;Ubwoko bwa Hybrid bivuga uburyo bubiri bwo gutwara bwikurikiranya / bigereranye icyarimwe.
Urwego rwagutse ni urukurikirane rw'imvange.Ikwirakwizwa ryurwego rugizwe na moteri na generator yishyuza bateri, kandi bateri itwara ibiziga, cyangwa uwaguye intera itanga imbaraga kuri moteri kugirango itware ikinyabiziga.
Ariko, igitekerezo cya interpolation no kuvanga biragoye.Kubijyanye n’imodoka y’amashanyarazi, imvange irashobora kandi kugabanywamo ibice bivangavanze byimbere kandi bitavanze hanze ukurikije ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza hanze.
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, mugihe cyose hari icyambu cyo kwishyuza kandi gishobora kwishyurwa hanze, ni Hybrid yishyurwa hanze, ishobora no kwitwa "plug-in hybrid".Ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho, intera yagutse ni ubwoko bwa interpolation no kuvanga.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imvange idashobora kwishyurwa idafite icyambu cyo kwishyuza, ntishobora rero kwishyurwa hanze.Irashobora kwaka gusa bateri ikoresheje moteri, kugarura ingufu za kinetic nubundi buryo.
Ariko, kuri ubu, ubwoko bwimvange butandukanijwe ahanini nimbaraga zisoko.Muri iki gihe, plug-in ya sisitemu ni parallel cyangwa Hybrid Hybrid sisitemu.Ugereranije nurwego rwagutse (ubwoko bwuruhererekane), moteri icomeka (hybrid) moteri ntishobora gutanga ingufu zamashanyarazi kuri bateri na moteri gusa, ahubwo irashobora no gutwara ibinyabiziga binyuze mumashanyarazi (ECVT, DHT, nibindi) hanyuma bigakora hamwe imbaraga hamwe na moteri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Gucomeka muri sisitemu ya Hybrid nka sisitemu nini yindimu ya Hybrid sisitemu, sisitemu ya Hybrid ya Geely Raytheon na BYD DM-I byose ni sisitemu ya Hybrid.
Moteri mu kwagura intera ntishobora gutwara ibinyabiziga mu buryo butaziguye.Igomba kubyara amashanyarazi binyuze muri generator, kubika amashanyarazi muri bateri cyangwa kuyatanga kuri moteri.Moteri, nkigisohoka cyonyine cyingufu zitwara ibinyabiziga byose, itanga imbaraga kubinyabiziga.
Kubwibyo, ibice bitatu byingenzi bya sisitemu yo kwagura intera - kwagura intera, bateri na moteri ntabwo birimo guhuza imashini, ariko byose bifitanye isano n'amashanyarazi, kuburyo imiterere rusange iroroshye;Imiterere ya plug-in ya sisitemu ya sisitemu iraruhije cyane, isaba guhuza hagati yingufu zinyuranye zinyuze mubice bya mashini nka gearbox.
Muri rusange, ibyinshi mubikoresho byohereza imashini muri sisitemu ya Hybrid bifite ibiranga inzitizi zikomeye za tekiniki, igihe kirekire cyo gusaba hamwe na pisine.Biragaragara ko "gushaka umuvuduko" imodoka nshya zidafite umwanya wo gutangirana nibikoresho.
Nyamara, kubucuruzi bwimodoka gakondo ya lisansi, guhererekanya imashini nimwe mumbaraga zabo, kandi bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwa tekinike hamwe nuburambe bwo gukora cyane.Iyo umuhengeri w'amashanyarazi uza, biragaragara ko bidashoboka ko amasosiyete y'imodoka gakondo areka imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana byinshi byo gukusanya ikoranabuhanga hanyuma bigatangira.
Nyuma ya byose, biragoye gukora U-nini.
Kubwibyo, uburyo bworoshye bwagutse bwahindutse uburyo bwiza bwimodoka nshya, kandi imashini icomeka, idashobora gutanga gusa umukino wuzuye kumyanda yimyanda no kugabanya ingufu, byabaye amahitamo yambere yo guhindura imishinga gakondo yimodoka.
2 range Urwego rwagutse rwatangiye hashize imyaka ijana, kandi bateri ya moteri yahoze icupa rikurura
Nyuma yo gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati ya plug-in hybrid hamwe nintera yagutse, nimpamvu imodoka nshya muri rusange zihitamo intera yagutse, amasosiyete yimodoka gakondo ahitamo plug-in hybrid.
Noneho kurwego rwagutse, imiterere yoroshye isobanura gusubira inyuma?
Mbere ya byose, ukurikije igihe, intera yagutse rwose ni tekinoroji isubira inyuma.
Amateka yagutse arashobora guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, igihe Ferdinand Porsche, washinze Porsche, yubakaga imodoka ya mbere y’imodoka ya Hybrid Porsche.
Lohner Porsche ni imodoka yamashanyarazi.Hano hari moteri ebyiri za hub kumurongo wimbere kugirango utware ikinyabiziga.Icyakora, kubera intera ngufi, Ferdinand Porsche yashyizeho generator ebyiri kugirango atezimbere urwego rwimodoka, ikora sisitemu ya Hybrid hanyuma iba sekuruza wiyongera.
Kuva tekinoroji yagutse ibaho mumyaka irenga 120, kuki itateye imbere byihuse?
Mbere ya byose, muri sisitemu yagutse, moteri niyo soko yingufu zonyine kumuziga, kandi igikoresho cyagutse gishobora kumvikana nkubutunzi bunini bwizuba.Iyambere yinjiza ibicanwa bya fosile kandi ikabyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi, mugihe iyanyuma yinjiza ingufu z'izuba ikanatanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Kubwibyo, umurimo wingenzi wokwagura intera ni uguhindura ubwoko bwingufu, ubanza guhindura ingufu za chimique mumavuta ya fosile mungufu zamashanyarazi, hanyuma ugahindura ingufu zamashanyarazi mumbaraga za kinetic ukoresheje moteri.
Ukurikije ubumenyi bwibanze bwumubiri, gukoresha bimwe bigomba kubaho mugihe cyo guhindura ingufu.Muri sisitemu yagutse yose, byibuze impinduka ebyiri zingufu (ingufu za chimique ingufu zamashanyarazi ingufu za kinetic) zirimo, bityo ingufu zingirakamaro zagutse ni nkeya.
Mugihe cyiterambere ryiterambere ryibinyabiziga bya lisansi, amasosiyete gakondo yimodoka yibanda mugutezimbere moteri ifite ingufu za peteroli hamwe na bokisi ya gare ifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza.Muri kiriya gihe, niyihe sosiyete ishobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya 1%, cyangwa hafi yigihembo cyitiriwe Nobel.
Kubwibyo, imiterere yingufu zagutse, zidashobora gutera imbere ariko zigabanya ingufu zingufu, zasigaye inyuma kandi zirengagizwa namasosiyete menshi yimodoka.
Icya kabiri, usibye ingufu nke, moteri na bateri nimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi zigabanya iterambere ryurwego rwagutse.
Muri sisitemu yagutse, moteri niyo soko yonyine yingufu zibinyabiziga, ariko hashize imyaka 20 ~ 30, tekinoroji ya moteri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ntabwo yari ikuze, kandi ikiguzi cyari kinini, ingano yari nini, kandi imbaraga ntizishobora gutwara imodoka wenyine.
Muri kiriya gihe, ibintu bya batiri byari bisa n'ibya moteri.Ntabwo ubwinshi bwingufu cyangwa ubushobozi bumwe byagereranywa nubuhanga bwa batiri.Niba ushaka kugira ubushobozi bunini, ukeneye ubunini bunini, buzazana ibiciro bihenze hamwe nuburemere bwibinyabiziga biremereye.
Tekereza ko hashize imyaka 30, uramutse uteranije imodoka yagutse ukurikije ibipimo bitatu byamashanyarazi byerekana icyiza, igiciro cyahita gitangira.
Nyamara, intera yagutse itwarwa rwose na moteri, kandi moteri ifite ibyiza byo kutagira torque hystereze, ituje nibindi.Kubwibyo, mbere yo kumenyekanisha intera yagutse mubijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi, yakoreshwaga cyane ku binyabiziga n’amato nka tanki, imodoka nini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubwato bwo mu mazi, butumva neza igiciro n’ubunini, kandi bukaba busabwa ingufu nyinshi, butuje , umuriro uhita, nibindi
Mu gusoza, ntabwo bidakwiye ko umuyobozi mukuru wa Wei Pai na Volkswagen avuga ko intera yagutse ari ikoranabuhanga ryasubiye inyuma.Mubihe byimodoka ya lisansi igenda itera imbere, intera yagutse hamwe nigiciro cyinshi kandi ikora neza ni tekinoroji isubira inyuma.Volkswagen n'urukuta runini (Wei brand) nabyo ni ibirango bibiri gakondo byakuze mugihe cya lisansi.
Igihe kirageze.Nubwo muri rusange, nta mpinduka zujuje ubuziranenge ziri hagati y’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga ryagutse mu myaka irenga 100 ishize, riracyari ryongerewe ingufu zitanga amashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga bitwarwa na moteri, bishobora kwitwa "ikoranabuhanga risubira inyuma".
Ariko, nyuma yikinyejana, tekinoroji yagutse amaherezo yaje.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rya moteri na batiri, mope ebyiri zambere zahindutse irushanwa ryingenzi cyane, guhanagura ibibi byurwego rwagutse mugihe cya lisansi kandi bitangira kuruma isoko rya lisansi.
3 plug Guhitamo gucomeka kuvanga munsi yimirimo yo mumijyi no kwagura intera yihuse yo gukora
Ku baguzi, ntibitaye niba intera yagutse ari tekinoroji isubira inyuma, ariko ikaba ikoresha peteroli kandi ikaba yoroshye gutwara.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kwagura intera ni urukurikirane rw'imiterere.Kwagura intera ntishobora gutwara ikinyabiziga mu buryo butaziguye, kandi imbaraga zose ziva kuri moteri.
Kubwibyo, ibi bituma ibinyabiziga bifite sisitemu yagutse bifite uburambe busa bwo gutwara no gutwara ibinyabiziga nka tram.Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amashanyarazi, intera yagutse nayo isa n’amashanyarazi meza - gukoresha ingufu nke mu mijyi no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu bihe byihuse.
By'umwihariko, kubera ko uwaguye intera yishyuza gusa bateri cyangwa itanga ingufu kuri moteri, uwagutse arashobora kugumishwa muburyo bwihuse bwubukungu mugihe kinini.Ndetse no muburyo bwiza bwamashanyarazi yibanze (kubanza gukoresha imbaraga za bateri), kwagura intera ntishobora no gutangira, cyangwa kubyara ingufu za lisansi.Ariko, moteri yikinyabiziga cya lisansi ntishobora gukora buri gihe umuvuduko wihuse.Niba ukeneye kurenga no kwihuta, ugomba kongera umuvuduko, kandi niba ugumye mumodoka, uzakora ubusa igihe kirekire.
Kubwibyo, mubihe bisanzwe byo gutwara, gukoresha ingufu (gukoresha lisansi) intera yagutse kumihanda yo mumijyi yihuta muri rusange iri munsi yimodoka ya lisansi ifite moteri imwe yo kwimuka.
Nyamara, kimwe n’amashanyarazi meza, gukoresha ingufu mubihe byihuta biruta ibyo mubihe byihuta;Ibinyuranye na byo, ingufu zikoreshwa n’ibinyabiziga bya lisansi mu bihe byihuta biri munsi ugereranije n’imijyi.
Ibi bivuze ko mugihe cyihuta cyakazi gikora, ingufu za moteri ziri hejuru, ingufu za bateri zizakoreshwa vuba, kandi uwaguye intera azakenera gukora "umutwaro wuzuye" igihe kirekire.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko hari paki za batiri, uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyimodoka yagutse ifite ubunini bungana muri rusange ni kinini kuruta ibinyabiziga bya lisansi.
Ibinyabiziga bya lisansi byungukirwa no kuba garebox.Mugihe cyihuta cyane, ikinyabiziga gishobora kuzamuka kigana ibikoresho byinshi, kuburyo moteri iri kumuvuduko wubukungu, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni nke.
Kubwibyo, muri rusange, gukoresha ingufu zingana mugihe cyakazi cyihuta cyane ni nkibya moteri ya lisansi ifite moteri imwe yo kwimura, cyangwa ndetse hejuru.
Nyuma yo kuvuga kubyerekeranye no gukoresha ingufu ziranga intera nini na lisansi, hari tekinoroji ya Hybrid ishobora guhuza ibyiza byo gukoresha ingufu zihuse zikoresha ibinyabiziga bigari ndetse no gukoresha ingufu nke zikoresha ibinyabiziga bya peteroli, kandi bishobora kugira ingufu nyinshi mubukungu. murwego rwagutse?
Igisubizo ni yego, ni ukuvuga, kuvanga.
Muri make, plug-in hybrid sisitemu iroroshye.Ugereranije nurwego rwagutse, uwambere arashobora gutwara ikinyabiziga na moteri mugihe cyihuta cyakazi;Ugereranije na lisansi, kuvanga-gucomeka nabyo birashobora kumera nkurwego rwagutse.Moteri itanga ingufu kuri moteri kandi itwara imodoka.
Byongeye kandi, plug-in ya Hybrid ifite kandi imiyoboro ya Hybrid (ECVT, DHT), ituma imbaraga za moteri na moteri bigera kuri "kwishyira hamwe" kugirango bihangane nihuta ryihuse cyangwa ingufu nyinshi.
Ariko nkuko baca umugani, urashobora kubona ikintu gusa uramutse ubiretse.
Bitewe nuko hariho uburyo bwo guhererekanya imashini, imiterere yo gucomeka ivanze iraruhije kandi ingano ni nini.Kubwibyo, hagati ya plug-in hybrid hamwe niyaguka ryurwego rwurwego rumwe, ubushobozi bwa bateri ya moderi yagutse iruta iy'icyuma gicomeka cya Hybrid, gishobora no kuzana amashanyarazi maremare.Niba ibinyabiziga bigenda gusa mumijyi, intera yagutse irashobora no kwishyurwa nta lisansi.
Kurugero, ubushobozi bwa bateri ya 2021 nziza imwe ni 40.5kwh, naho amashanyarazi meza yo kwihanganira amashanyarazi ya NEDC ni 188km.Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya Mercedes Benz gle 350 e (plug-in hybrid verisiyo) na BMW X5 xdrive45e (plug-in hybrid verisiyo) hafi yubunini bwayo ni 31.2kwh na 24kwh gusa, naho ibirometero byiza bya NEDC ni kilometero 103 na 85km.
Impamvu moderi ya DM-I ya BYD ikunzwe cyane muri iki gihe ni igice kinini kuko ubushobozi bwa bateri yuburyo bwahoze ari bunini kuruta ubw'icyitegererezo cya DM gishaje, ndetse kikaba kirenze icyagutse cyagutse cyurwego rumwe.Kugenda mumijyi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje amashanyarazi gusa kandi ntamavuta, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha imodoka kizagabanuka uko bikwiye.
Mu ncamake, kubinyabiziga bishya byubatswe, gucomeka muri Hybrid (hybrid) hamwe nuburyo bugoye ntibisaba gusa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse nubushakashatsi bwiterambere, ariko nanone bisaba umubare munini wibizamini byokwizerwa kuri sisitemu yose ya plug-in ya Hybrid, aribyo biragaragara ko bitihuta mugihe.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya batiri na tekinoroji ya moteri, kwagura intera ifite imiterere yoroshye byahindutse "shortcut" kumodoka nshya, binyura mubice bitoroshye byubaka imodoka.
Ariko kugirango imbaraga nshya zihindurwe mumasosiyete gakondo yimodoka, biragaragara ko badashaka kureka ingufu, itumanaho nubundi buryo bashoyemo ingufu zimyaka myinshi (abakozi nubutunzi) mubushakashatsi niterambere, hanyuma bagatangirira kuri gushushanya.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Hybrid, nka plug-in hybrid, idashobora guha gusa ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwimyanda yibikoresho bya lisansi nka moteri na garebox, ariko kandi bikagabanya cyane gukoresha lisansi, byahindutse ihitamo ryimishinga yimodoka gakondo murugo kandi mu mahanga.
Kubwibyo, niba ari plug-in hybrid cyangwa intera yagutse, mubyukuri ni gahunda yo kugurisha mugihe cyogukoresha tekinoroji ya batiri.Mugihe ibibazo byurwego rwa batiri hamwe no kuzuza ingufu bizakemuka burundu mugihe kizaza, ikoreshwa rya lisansi rizaba ryuzuye.Tekinoroji ya Hybrid nkurwego rwagutse hamwe na plug-in hybrid irashobora guhinduka uburyo bwibikoresho byibikoresho bike bidasanzwe.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-19-2022