Guhera muri Nyakanga, ibinyabiziga bifite moteri ibyuka bihumanya bitujuje ubuziranenge bizibukwa mu Bushinwa! Vuba aha, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije bwashyizeho kandi busohora “Amabwiriza yerekeye kwibutsa ibyuka by’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri” (aha ni ukuvuga “Amabwiriza”). Dukurikije “Amabwiriza”, niba Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije isanze ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bishobora kugira ingaruka z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko, hamwe na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, bushobora gukora iperereza ku bakora ibinyabiziga bifite moteri ndetse nibiba ngombwa, abakora ibice by’ibyuka bihumanya. Muri icyo gihe, ibinyabiziga byibutsa ibinyabiziga byongerewe kuva mu kwibuka umutekano kugeza ku byuka byangiza. Biteganijwe ko “Amabwiriza” azatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Nyakanga.
1. Uruhare rwigihugu rwa gatandatu rwoherezwa mu kirere
Dukurikije “Amabwiriza”, kubera igishushanyo mbonera n’umusaruro, ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bisohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere birenze igipimo, cyangwa kubera kutubahiriza ibisabwa byateganijwe byo kurengera ibidukikije, ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bisohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere birenze urugero, kandi ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bihumanya ikirere bitewe n’ibishushanyo mbonera. Niba hari ibindi binyabiziga bifite moteri bitujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, uwukora ibinyabiziga agomba guhita akora iperereza nisesengura, akanamenyesha ibyavuye mu iperereza n’isesengura ku buyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura no gucunga amasoko. Niba uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga rwizera ko ibinyabiziga bifite ingaruka z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigomba kubishyira mu bikorwa ako kanya.
Ibipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya bigira uruhare muri "Amabwiriza" birimo cyane cyane GB18352.6-2016 "Imipaka y’imyanda ihumanya ikirere n’uburyo bwo gupima" na GB17691-2018 "Imipaka iremereye y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe n’uburyo bwo gupima", byombi bikaba icyiciro cya gatandatu cy’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ukurikije ibisabwa, guhera ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2020, ibinyabiziga byose byoroheje byacurujwe kandi byanditswe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa; mbere yitariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2025, icyiciro cya gatanu cyimodoka zoroheje "kugenzura imikoreshereze yubahirizwa" iracyashyirwa mubikorwa muri GB18352 .5-2013 ibisabwa bijyanye. Kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2021, ibinyabiziga byose bya mazutu biremereye byakozwe, bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigurishwa kandi byanditswe byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
Byongeye kandi, "Amabwiriza" yemeza ihame ry "imodoka zishaje, imodoka nshya n’imodoka nshya" mugihe zishyira mu bikorwa ibipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bijyanye n’ibisabwa n’amategeko n’imikorere y’imicungire.
2. Kwibuka biri muri dosiye
“Amabwiriza” ashimangira kubahiriza inshingano zemewe n'amategeko, kandi biragaragara ko abakora ibinyabiziga cyangwa abamotari barenga ku nshingano zijyanye n’amabwiriza “bazategekwa n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gucunga amasoko gukosora no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atarenga 30.000.” Ugereranije n'ibisabwa mu kwibuka umutekano n'ibihano, ibisabwa kugira ngo "bidakosorwa nyuma y'itariki yo kurangiriraho" byavanyweho, kandi "Amabwiriza" yarushijeho kwemerwa kandi ni itegeko, ibyo bikaba bifasha kuzamura imikorere yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, “Amabwiriza” yasabye ko amakuru ajyanye na gahunda yo guhamagarwa ndetse n’ibihano by’ubuyobozi agomba gushyirwa muri dosiye y’inguzanyo kandi akamenyeshwa rubanda hakurikijwe amategeko. Iyi ngingo ifitanye isano itaziguye nishusho yikimenyetso nicyizere cya producer. Ikigamijwe ni ukongera ubumenyi bw’ikigo ku bijyanye n’ubuziranenge n’ubunyangamugayo, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushimangira kwizerwa no guhanwa kubera ubuhemu, kandi ku rugero runaka, birashobora kandi kuzuza imipaka y’amabwiriza nk’amabwiriza agenga ishami kandi ntarengwa. Saba ibigo gusohoza byimazeyo inshingano zabo zo kwibuka.
“Amabwiriza” amaze gusohoka, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko buzakorana na minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije kugira ngo bategure inyandiko zibishinzwe kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imikorere no kubahiriza “Amabwiriza”. Muri icyo gihe kandi, hazakorwa ibikorwa byo kuzamura no guhugura mu gihugu hose kugira ngo abakora ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, abakora ibikorerwa hamwe n’abakora ibikorwa byo kugurisha ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, gukodesha, no kubitaho bashobore gusobanukirwa n’ibisabwa n’Amabwiriza kandi bagenzure babishaka umusaruro wabo n’imyitwarire yabo. Kora kwibutsa cyangwa gufasha mu nshingano zo kwibuka ugomba gukora ukurikije amabwiriza. Menyesha abaguzi kumenya "Amabwiriza" no kurengera uburenganzira bwabo bwemewe n'amategeko
3. Ibigo bimwe byimodoka bifite igitutu cyigihe gito
Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje kwiyongera n’inganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu, zahindutse inganda zikomeye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Muri 2020, Ubushinwa bugurisha imodoka buzakomeza kuza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Nk’uko Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare kibitangaza, mu 2020, inyungu z’inganda zikora amamodoka mu Bushinwa zigera kuri miliyari 509.36, ziyongereyeho 4.0% umwaka ushize; amafaranga yinjira mu nganda zikora amamodoka agera kuri miliyari 8155.77, yiyongereyeho 3,4% umwaka ushize. Imibare yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri minisiteri y’umutekano rusange, umubare w’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri mu gihugu hose mu 2020 uzagera kuri miliyoni 372, muri byo miliyoni 281 ni imodoka; umubare w'imodoka mu mijyi 70 yo mu gihugu uzarenga miliyoni.
Dukurikije imibare yari yarashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, mu mwaka wa 2019, imyuka yose yangiza imyuka ine ya monoxyde de carbone, hydrocarbone, okiside ya azote hamwe n’ibintu biva mu binyabiziga bifite moteri mu gihugu hose byari hafi toni miliyoni 16.038. Imodoka nizo zigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza ikirere cy’ibinyabiziga byangiza ikirere, kandi ibyoherezwa mu kirere cya monoxyde de carbone, hydrocarbone, okiside ya azote hamwe n’ibice birenga 90%.
Nk’uko isesengura ryakozwe n’abantu bireba bo mu buyobozi bukuru bw’ubugenzuzi bw’isoko ribivuga, kwibutsa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni umuco wemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, washyizwe mu bikorwa mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Amerika, Uburayi, n'Ubuyapani, kandi wagize uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere ibidukikije. Kubera ko ikiguzi cyibutsa imodoka imwe yibutsa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere gishobora kuba kinini kuruta icyibutsa umutekano wibinyabiziga, "Amabwiriza" azazana igitutu kinini mubukungu nibirango mubigo bimwe na bimwe bitwara ibinyabiziga bifite moteri mugihe gito, cyane cyane abafite ubumenyi buke bwikoranabuhanga ryangiza.
"Ariko duhereye ku gihe kirekire, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibutsa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni inzira byanze bikunze." Amabwiriza "azatuma inganda z’ibinyabiziga zita cyane ku bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’iterambere ndetse n’ibisabwa bisanzwe, kandi bihatira amasosiyete guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga. ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni ibintu byanze bikunze, kandi amasosiyete ashobora gufata iyambere gusa mu gushyiraho icyuho gisanzwe, gushimangira umusingi, no gushimangira udushya, dushobora guhindura inyungu ziva mu biciro tukajya mu nyungu zirushanwe mu ikoranabuhanga, ikirango, ubuziranenge na serivisi nkibyingenzi, kandi tugera ku majyambere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y’inganda kandi rwose duhinduka ingufu z’imodoka ku isi. ” Umuntu bireba yavuze.
Byumvikane ko kuva hashyirwa mu bikorwa itegeko ryo gukumira no kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere ku ya 1 Mutarama 2016, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa ibyibutsa ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere inshuro 6, birimo imodoka 5.164, birimo ibicuruzwa birimo Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Subaru, BMW na UFOs, kandi birimo ibice birimo Catalitike Converter, ibyuma byuzuza amavuta, imashini zipima, OBD, n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2021