Muri 2021, kugurisha EV kwisi yose bizaba 9% byigurishwa ryimodoka zitwara abagenzi.
Kugirango uzamure uwo mubare, usibye gushora imari cyane mubucuruzi bushya kugirango wihutishe iterambere, gukora no guteza imbere amashanyarazi, abatwara ibinyabiziga nabatanga ibicuruzwa nabo barimo kwikuramo ubwonko kugirango bategure ibisekuruza bizaza.
Ingero zirimo bateri zikomeye-moteri, moteri ya axial-flow, na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya volt 800 isezeranya kugabanya inshuro zumuriro mo kabiri, kugabanya cyane ingano ya bateri nigiciro, no kunoza imikorere ya moteri.
Kugeza ubu, amamodoka mashya gusa yakoresheje sisitemu ya volt 800 aho gukoresha 400.
Moderi ifite sisitemu ya volt 800 isanzwe kumasoko ni: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 na Kia EV6. Lucid Air limousine ikoresha ubwubatsi bwa 900 volt, nubwo abahanga mu nganda bemeza ko ari tekiniki ya sisitemu ya volt 800.
Urebye kubatanga ibikoresho bya EV, ubwubatsi bwa batiri 800-volt izaba ikoranabuhanga ryiganje mu mpera za 2020, cyane cyane ko hagaragaye amashanyarazi menshi ya volt-800 yubatswe amashanyarazi yose, nka E- GMP ya Hyundai na PPE ya Itsinda rya Volkswagen.
Imashanyarazi ya E-GMP ya Hyundai Motor itangwa na Vitesco Technologies, isosiyete ikora powertrain yavuye muri Continental AG, kugirango itange inverteri 800-volt; Volkswagen Group PPE ni 800-volt yububiko yubatswe hamwe na Audi na Porsche. Ikibuga cyamashanyarazi.
Dirk Kesselgruber, perezida w’ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya GKN, yagize ati: "Mu 2025, moderi zifite sisitemu ya volt 800 zizaba nyinshi." GKN kandi ni umwe mu batanga icyiciro cya mbere mu cyiciro cya 1 bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga, batanga ibice nka axe y'amashanyarazi ya volt 800, bafite ijisho ku musaruro rusange mu 2025.
Yatangarije Automotive News Europe, ati: "Turatekereza ko sisitemu ya volt 800 izahinduka inzira nyamukuru. Hyundai yerekanye kandi ko ishobora guhangana ku giciro kimwe."
Muri Amerika, Hyundai IQNIQ 5 itangirira ku madolari 43,650, ikaba ishingiye cyane ku gipimo mpuzandengo cy’amadolari 60.054 y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Gashyantare 2022, kandi zishobora kwemerwa n’abaguzi benshi.
Mu kiganiro, Alexander Reich, ukuriye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki y’amashanyarazi muri Vitesco, yagize ati:
Usibye gutanga amashanyarazi ya volt 800 kuri Hyundai ya E-GMP ya moderi y’amashanyarazi, Vitesco yabonye andi masezerano akomeye, harimo n’imashini zikora amamodoka akomeye yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe na EV ebyiri zikomeye mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani. Utanga isoko atanga moteri.
Igice cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya volt 800 kigenda cyiyongera cyane kuruta uko byari byitezwe mu myaka mike ishize, kandi abakiriya bagenda barushaho gukomera, nk'uko Harry Husted, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi bw’ibinyabiziga byo muri Amerika BorgWarner yabitangaje abinyujije kuri imeri. inyungu. Utanga isoko yatsindiye kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, harimo na module ihuriweho na modoka nziza yo mu Bushinwa.
1. Kuki 800 volt ari "logique intambwe ikurikira"?
Nibihe bintu byaranze sisitemu ya volt 800 ugereranije na sisitemu iriho 400 volt?
Ubwa mbere, barashobora gutanga imbaraga zimwe kumurongo wo hasi. Ongera igihe cyo kwishyuza 50% hamwe nubunini bwa bateri.
Nkigisubizo, bateri, igice gihenze cyane mumodoka yamashanyarazi, irashobora gukorwa ntoya, ikongera imikorere mugihe igabanya uburemere muri rusange.
Otmar Scharrer, visi perezida mukuru w’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi muri ZF, yagize ati: "Igiciro cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ntikiragera ku rwego rumwe n’ibinyabiziga bya lisansi, kandi bateri ntoya yaba igisubizo cyiza. Nanone, kugira bateri nini cyane muri icyitegererezo rusange cyoroshye nka Ioniq 5 ntabwo cyumvikana ubwacyo. ”
Reich ati: "Mugukuba kabiri ingufu z'umuvuduko n'umuyoboro umwe, imodoka irashobora kubona ingufu zikubye kabiri". "Niba igihe cyo kwishyuza cyihuta bihagije, imodoka y'amashanyarazi ntishobora gukenera kumara umwanya ukurikirana ibirometero 1.000."
Icya kabiri, kubera ko imbaraga nyinshi zitanga imbaraga zingana numuyoboro muke, insinga ninsinga nabyo birashobora gukorwa bito kandi byoroheje, bikagabanya ikoreshwa ryumuringa uhenze kandi uremereye.
Ingufu zabuze nazo zizagabanuka uko bikwiye, bivamo kwihangana neza no gukora neza moteri. Kandi nta sisitemu igoye yo gucunga ubushyuhe isabwa kugirango bateri ikore ku bushyuhe bwiza.
Hanyuma, iyo uhujwe na tekinoroji ya karikide ya karubide ya microchip, sisitemu ya volt 800 irashobora kongera imbaraga za powertrain kugera kuri 5%. Iyi chip itakaza imbaraga nke mugihe uhinduranya kandi ifite akamaro kanini kuri feri nshya.
Abashinzwe umutekano bavuga ko kubera ko chip nshya ya karibide ya karibide ikoresha silikoni nkeya, igiciro gishobora kuba gito kandi chip nyinshi zishobora gutangwa mu nganda z’imodoka. Kuberako izindi nganda zikunda gukoresha chip-silicon zose, zirushanwe nabakora ibinyabiziga kumurongo wa semiconductor.
Kessel Gruber wa GKN asoza agira ati: "Mu gusoza, iterambere rya sisitemu ya volt 800 ni ingenzi."
2. Imiterere ya 800-volt yumuriro wa sitasiyo
Hano hari ikindi kibazo: Byinshi mubibuga byishyuza biriho bishingiye kuri sisitemu ya volt 400, mubyukuri hari inyungu kumodoka ukoresheje sisitemu ya volt 800?
Igisubizo cyatanzwe ninzobere mu nganda ni: yego. Nubwo imodoka ikeneye ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza 800 volt.
Hursted ati: "Byinshi mu bikorwa remezo bya DC byihuta byishyurwa ni ibinyabiziga bifite volt 400". "Kugirango tugere kuri 800 volt yihuta, dukeneye ibisekuru bigezweho bya voltage nini, amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC."
Ntabwo arikibazo cyo kwishyuza urugo, ariko kugeza ubu imiyoboro yihuta yo kwishyuza rusange muri Amerika irahari. Reich atekereza ko ikibazo kitoroshye kuri sitasiyo zishyuza umuhanda.
Mu Burayi ariko, imiyoboro yo kwishyuza sisitemu ya volt 800 iragenda yiyongera, kandi Ionity ifite umubare wa volt-800, kilometero 350 za kilowatt zishyirwaho mu Burayi.
Ionity EU ni umushinga wubufatanye bwimodoka nyinshi kumuyoboro wa sitasiyo yumuriro mwinshi wimodoka zamashanyarazi, washinzwe na BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor na Volkswagen. Muri 2020, Hyundai Motor yinjiye nkumunyamigabane wa gatanu munini.
Schaller wa ZF agira ati: "Amashanyarazi ya volt 800, kilowatt 350 bisobanura igihe cyo kwishyuza ibirometero 100 mu minota 5-7." "Icyo ni igikombe cy'ikawa gusa."
"Ubu ni ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya umutekano. Bizafasha kandi inganda z’imodoka kumvisha abantu benshi kwakira imodoka z’amashanyarazi."
Raporo iheruka gutangwa na Porsche, bisaba iminota 80 yo kongeramo ibirometero 250 mu ntera isanzwe ya 50kW, 400V; Iminota 40 niba ari 100kW; niba gukonjesha icyuma cyo kwishyuza (ikiguzi, uburemere nuburemere), bishobora kurushaho kugabanya igihe kugeza kuminota 30.
Raporo yashoje igira iti: "Ku bw'ibyo, mu rwego rwo gushaka kwishyurwa byihuse, byanze bikunze inzibacyuho iva mu muvuduko mwinshi." Porsche yizera ko hamwe na volt 800 yumuriro wa voltage, igihe cyagabanuka nkiminota 15.
Kwishyuza byoroshye kandi byihuse nka lisansi - hari amahirwe menshi yo kubaho.
3. Abapayiniya mu nganda zita ku bidukikije
Niba koko tekinoroji ya volt 800 ari nziza cyane, birakwiye ko tubaza impamvu, usibye moderi zavuzwe haruguru, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hafi ya byose biracyashingira kuri sisitemu ya volt 400, ndetse n'abayobozi b'isoko Tesla na Volkswagen. ?
Schaller n'abandi bahanga bavuga ko impamvu "zorohereza" no "kuba inganda mbere."
Inzu isanzwe ikoresha volt 380 ya AC ibyiciro bitatu (igipimo cya voltage mubyukuri ni intera, ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye), mugihe rero abatwara ibinyabiziga batangiye gusohora imashini ivanga imashini n’ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza byari bihari. Kandi umuraba wa mbere wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byubatswe kubice byatejwe imbere yo gucomeka imashini, byari bishingiye kuri sisitemu ya volt 400.
Schaller ati: "Iyo abantu bose bari kuri volt 400, bivuze ko urwo ari rwo rwego rwa voltage iboneka mu bikorwa remezo ahantu hose." "Nibyoroshye cyane, birahita biboneka. Abantu rero ntibatekereza cyane. Bahise bafata icyemezo."
Kessel Gruber ashimira Porsche nk'intangiriro ya sisitemu ya volt 800 kuko yibanze cyane ku mikorere kuruta ibikorwa bifatika.
Porsche yatinyutse kongera gusuzuma ibyo inganda zatwaye kuva kera. Yibajije ati: "Ese koko iki ni igisubizo cyiza?" "Turashobora kuyishushanya guhera?" Nibyiza byo kuba imashini ikora cyane.
Inzobere mu nganda zemeje ko ari ikibazo gusa mbere yuko imashini zirenga 800 za volt zigera ku isoko.
Hano haribibazo byinshi bya tekiniki, ariko ibice bigomba gutezwa imbere no kwemezwa; igiciro gishobora kuba ikibazo, ariko hamwe nubunini, selile ntoya n'umuringa muke, igiciro gito kizaza vuba.
Volvo, Polestar, Stellantis na Moteri rusange bamaze kuvuga ko moderi zizaza zizakoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Itsinda rya Volkswagen rirateganya gushyira ahagaragara imodoka zitandukanye kuri platifomu ya volt 800 ya PPE, harimo Macan nshya hamwe na gare ya sitasiyo ishingiye ku gitekerezo gishya cya A6 Avant E-tron.
Abashinwa benshi bakora amamodoka batangaje kandi ko bagiye mu bwubatsi bwa volt 800, harimo Xpeng Motors, NIO, Li Auto, BYD na Lotus ifite Geely.
Kessel Gruber yashoje agira ati: "Hamwe na Taycan na E-tron GT, ufite imodoka ifite imikorere iyobora amasomo. Ioniq 5 ni gihamya ko imodoka y'umuryango ihendutse bishoboka." "Niba iyi modoka nke zishobora kubikora, imodoka zose zirashobora kubikora."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-19-2022